Research progress on main disease-related factors of healthy life expectancy / 中华预防医学杂志

International research on healthy life expectancy (HALE) focuses on inequality of socioeconomic status and individual natural attributes. With the acceleration of population ageing and the increase in average life expectancy, the extension of unhealthy life expectancy and the increase of social and economic burden caused by diseases have gradually attracted the attention of countries around the world. Therefore, the evaluation of disease factors affecting HALE is a meaningful direction in the future. This study introduces the development process and commonly used measurement methods of HALE. According to the definition of health from the Global Burden of Disease Study and World Health Organization, physical and mental diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, malignant tumors and depression were selected to summarize the impact of these diseases and pre-disease states on HALE. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of relevant public health policies and the improvement of quality of life in China.

Association between serum lysophosphatidylcholine level and elderly health index in older people from longevity areas of Guangxi Province / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) level and the health index of the elderly. Methods: A total of 251 subjects were selected from the 2016 baseline survey of the Yongfu Longevity Cohort in Guangxi Province among whom 66, 63 and 122 were in the young and middle-aged group (≤59 years old), the young group (60-89 years old) and the longevity group (≥90 years old), respectively. Demographic data were collected and related indicators of height, weight, blood pressure and lipid metabolism were measured. The cognitive and physical functions of the elderly were assessed by the results of the simple mental state scale and the daily living activity scale to construct the health index of the elderly. The serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the differences among different ages and health status groups were compared. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the serum LPC level and the health index of the elderly. Results: With the increase in age, the proportion of female subjects increased, and the rate of smoking and drinking decreased. BMI, TC, TG, LDL-C, diastolic blood pressure, and the four LPCs levels decreased with the increase of age, and systolic blood pressure levels increased with the increase of age (all P values<0.05). There was no significant difference in HDL-C levels among age groups (P>0.05). With the decline of health status in the elderly, serum levels of LPC16∶0, LPC18∶0, LPC18∶1 and LPC18∶2 showed a downward trend (all P values<0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, only LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age [OR (95%CI): 0.48 (0.25-0.92)]. For every 1 standard deviation (16.87 nmol/L) increase in serum LPC18∶0 concentration, the risk of poor health status in old age decreased by 52%. Conclusion: Serum LPC18∶0 was associated with the health status in old age independent of age and sex.

Active Ingredients of Reduning Injection Maintain High Potency against SARS-CoV-2 Variants / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-coronavirus potential and the corresponding mechanisms of the two ingredients of Reduning Injection: quercetin and luteolin.@*METHODS@#A pseudovirus system was designed to test the efficacy of quercetin and luteolin to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and the corresponding cellular toxicity. Luteolin was tested for its activities against the pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Virtual screening was performed to predict the binding sites by Autodock Vina 1.1.230 and PyMol. To validate docking results, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to measure the binding affinity of the compounds with various proteins of the coronaviruses. Quercetin and luteolin were further tested for their inhibitory effects on other coronaviruses by indirect immunofluorescence assay on rhabdomyosarcoma cells infected with HCoV-OC43.@*RESULTS@#The inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus by luteolin and quercetin were strongly dose-dependent, with concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) of 8.817 and 52.98 µmol/L, respectively. Their cytotoxicity to BHK21-hACE2 were 177.6 and 405.1 µmol/L, respectively. In addition, luetolin significantly blocked the entry of 4 pseudoviruses of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with EC50 lower than 7 µmol/L. Virtual screening and SPR confirmed that luteolin binds to the S-proteins and quercetin binds to the active center of the 3CLpro, PLpro, and helicase proteins. Quercetin and luteolin showed over 99% inhibition against HCoV-OC43.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mechanisms were revealed of quercetin and luteolin inhibiting the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Reduning Injection is a promising drug for COVID-19.

Expressions of P53 and Ki-67 in prostate cancer and the clinicopathological significance / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the expressions of P53 and Ki-67 in prostate cancer (PCa)and to explore their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics. 【Methods】 The expressions of P53 and Ki-67 in 90 PCa patients were detected with immunohistochemistry. Patients’ age, preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, postoperative Gleason score, pathological stage, and invasion of neurovascular cancer embolus of all patients were recorded. The relationship of P53 expression with the above indexes was evaluated. 【Results】 The positive rates of P53 and Ki-67 were 27.8% (25/90) and 46.7% (42/90), respectively. The positive rate of P53 in pT2 and pT3-T4 stage groups were 19.7% (13/66) and 50.0% (12/24) (P=0.005), and the positive rate of Ki-67 were 36.4% (24/66) and 75.0% (18/24) (P=0.001), respectively. The positive rate of Ki-67 in Gleason score ≤6, ≤7 and ≥8 groups were 30.4%, 53.8% and 66.7%, respectively, with statistical difference. Positive expression of P53 was related to Ki-67 expression, but not to patients’ age, preoperative PSA level, postoperative Gleason score and nerve and invasion of neurovascular cancer embolus. 【Conclusion】 P53 expression is related to tumor stage and Ki-67, while Ki-67 expression is associated with tumor stage ang grade.

Associations between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and estimated glomerular filtration rate in population without kidney disease / 环境与职业医学

Background Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are classified as persistent organic pollutants and have been widely detected in human. Studies investigating the associations between PFASs exposure and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) yielded inconsistent results, and little is known about the effects of PFASs on eGFR in population without kidney disease. Objective To explore the associations of exposure to PFASs with eGFR and renal dysfunction in population without kidney disease. Methods A total of 609 participants with an eGFR > 60 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2 and without renal impairment matched for sex and age (1∶1) were recruited from endocrinology department and medical examination center of two hospitals in Tianjin, China, from April 2021 to March 2022. Each subject was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information about sex, age, height, weight, disease history, smoking, alcohol intake, etc. Clinical parameters were obtained from medical record, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine (Cre), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by professionals using standard methods. The serum concentrations of PFASs were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the associations of PFASs exposure with eGFR and renal dysfunction, respectively. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were also performed to assess the modified effects of covariates on the associations of PFASs exposure with eGFR. Results There were 283 males, accounting for 46.5% of the total population. The mean age of the participants was (56.86±12.47) years, and the average body mass index (BMI) was (25.59±3.84) kg·m−2. Perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFUnDA), sodium 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (6:2 FTS), and perfluoropentane sulfonic acid (PFPeS) were positive in more than 75% of serum samples, and the corresponding median concentrations were 9.50, 1.67, 17.22, 1.86, 1.41, 0.78, 0.42, and 0.43 μg·L−1, respectively. After full adjustments of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, TC, TG, smoking, and drinking, the linear regression models showed that log2-transformed PFHxS concentration was negatively associated with eGFR (b=−1.160, 95%CI: −2.280, −0.410). Compared with the lowest exposure tertile, the estimated change of eGFR in the highest tertile for PFHxS was significantly decreased (b=−2.471, 95%CI: −4.574, −0.368). Furthermore, compared with males, the negative association of PFHxS with eGFR was strengthened among females (female: b=−1.281, 95%CI: −2.388, −0.174; male: b=−0.781, 95%CI: −2.823, 1.261, Pinteraction=0.043). Conclusion A significant negative association between serum PFHxS and eGFR is observed in the sampled population without kidney disease, and females are more susceptible to PFASs exposure than the males.

Research progress on DNA damage in aging-related diseases / 中华老年医学杂志

DNA damage is one of the research hotspots in the field of aging and related diseases, because it can cause cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, accelerate the body's rate of aging and increase the risk of aging-related diseases.This review will summarize the mechanisms of DNA damage in cells, animal models and individuals and its associations with aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and premature aging syndromes.We aim to provide a theoretical framework for anti-aging research and clinical intervention in the treatment of aging-related diseases.

Correlation analysis of physical indicators with fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure indicators in low-aged and high-aged elderly people in Guangxi / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between physical indicators and blood pressure or fasting plasma glucose levels in the young-old and oldest-old.Methods:Totally 1 516 subjects from the Guangxi Natural Longevity Cohort were screened in this study and physical examination parameters included body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-to-height ratio(WHtR), fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and blood pressure, and the correlations between them were analyzed.Results:The overweight elderly and overweight young elderly groups had an increased risk of concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose, compared with both elderly people with normal BMI and young elderly people with normal BMI( OR=2.66, 95% CI: 1.90-3.72; OR=3.03, 95% CI: 2.11-4.34). Elderly people with general obesity and young elderly people with general obesity were more likely to have hypertension( OR=5.25, 95% CI: 2.07-13.28; OR=4.75, 95% CI: 1.84-12.21), impaired fasting glucose( OR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.00-8.69; OR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.04-9.02), and concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose( OR=7.94, 95% CI: 3.04-20.72; OR=8.68, 95% CI: 3.28-22.94), whereas underweight young elderly had a reduced risk of hypertension( OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.80). Elderly people in the central obesity group(WC)showed increased risk of hypertension( OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.04-1.84)and concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose( OR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.75-3.27), compared with those in the non-central obesity group.Young elderly people with central obesity had increased risk of hypertension( OR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.07-2.00), impaired fasting glucose( OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.14-2.28), and concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose( OR=3.03, 95% CI: 2.13-4.32); both elderly people and young elderly people in the central obesity group(WHtR)had increased risk of hypertension( OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.03-1.76; OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.13-2.14), impaired fasting glucose( OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.04-1.94; OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.13-2.31), and concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose( OR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.60-3.02; OR=3.22, 95% CI: 2.14-4.84). In the elderly group, BMI was correlated with diastolic blood pressure and WHtR was correlated with the fasting blood glucose level. Conclusions:The levels of fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure increase with elevated physical indicator values(BMI, WC, WHtR)in the Guangxi elderly population, and the risk of developing hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, and concurrent hypertension and impaired fasting glucose increases in elderly patients with general obesity and central obesity, with a higher risk in low-aged elderly patients.

Clinical research progress on disappearing colorectal liver metastases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Colorectal cancer is currently one of the most common digestive system tumors, and the liver is the most common metastatic site of colorectal cancer. In recent years, with the continuous development of the multidisciplinary treatment for colorectal cancer patients, there are quite a few cases of disappearing liver metastases (DLM) after receiving preoperative chemotherapy (or combined targeted drug therapy), and the diagnosis and treatment of DLM is currently still a very challenging and controversial topic. This article sorts out the related researches on DLM in recent years, mainly including the following 4 aspects: (1) The factors associated with DLM, including the size and number of liver metastases, chemotherapy regimens and cycles, targeted therapy drugs, and the pattern of liver metastases, Ras/Braf status and the location of the primary lesion. (2) The relationship between DLM and true complete response (pathological complete response and persistent clinical complete response), and the related predictive factors of pathological complete response. (3) Clinical evaluation of DLM: preoperative evaluation includes ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET, while intraoperative evaluation includes intraoperative exploration, intraoperative ultrasound, and augmented reality. (4) DLM treatment strategies, including surgical treatment, local treatment, non-surgical treatment and individualized treatment.

The investigation of correlation between desmoplakin gene variant rs28763961 and prostate cancer in Northern Chinese / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To identify a novel desmoplakin(DSP)gene variants which associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Northern Chinese.Methods:Analyzing RNA-Seq data of tumor-normal pairs from 10 Northern Chinese cases with prostate cancer, 26 candidate single-nucleotide variants(SNVs)in tumor mRNA with potential biological significance were screened.The genotyping and association analysis of these variants were performed in the peripheral blood genomic DNA from 245 Northern Chinese individuals with prostate cancer and 100 matched controls by using Sequenom MassArray System.Results:We identified that two previously unrecognized SNVs CHST12 rs12536223 C>T( P=0.033, OR=2.730, 95% CI: 1.046-7.097)and DSP rs28763961 A>T( P=0.030, OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.315-0.948)were associated with prostate cancer.Carriers of rs28763961T allele versus carriers of rs28763961A allele showed a higher DSP expression in tumor tissue( P=0.036)and lower total prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level( P=0.007)in peripheral blood. Conclusions:rs12536223 and rs28763961 are associated with prostate cancer in Northern Chinese.The carrier status of rs28763961T allele decreases the risk of prostate cancer.

Advances in the study of biological age in healthy aging / 中华老年医学杂志

Population aging increases the demand for human aging research and its clinical applications.Traditionally, the chronological age(CA), that is, the age based on the calendar, is used to describe the state of aging.However, the aging process and speed among individuals are not consistent and often show clear individual differences in biological aging.Therefore, CA cannot truly reflect people's conditions of body structure and function, has drawbacks leading to unreliable and wrong assessment, and is unable to accurately describe the human body's state of aging.In recent years, it has been proposed that the biological age(BA)should be used to more comprehensively and accurately describe the stage of human aging.Combining mathematical algorithms with a variety of biomarkers, predictive models can be constructed to quantify BA.These approaches have been increasingly appreciated for their improved accuracy and received further investigation.This article reviews the value of BA, currently commonly used calculation methods and their progress and prospects in healthy aging.

Influencing factors of unprotected anal intercourse among Tianjin male homosexuals who used recreational drugs / 上海预防医学

Objective:To explore the demographic characteristics and sexual behavior of men who have sex with men （MSM） in Tianjin， and to compare these aspects between recreational drug users and non-users. Methods:This research was conducted by Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From July to September 2015， various methods such as simple random sampling and snowball sampling were used to recruit MSM. Information was collected through on-site questionnaire surveys， and laboratory tests were conducted to detect human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） infection status in the research subjects. Statistical description and frequency distribution tests on demographic information and behavioral variables were performed. Results:A total of 410 qualified participants， ranged from 17 to 70 years old， were included. A total of 297 （72.4%） MSM were unmarried， 194 （47.3%） had monthly income over 3 000 yuan， 182 （44.4%） MSM had high school education， and 366 （89.3%） were working full-time. Among all 410 participants， 208 MSM self-reported using recreational drugs. Among them， 140 MSM had used Rush Popper. Influencing factors of unprotected anal intercourse （UAI） among Rush Popper users include： more than 30 years old， average monthly income less than 5 000 yuan， and sex with temporary partners （all P<0.05）. Conclusion:Among MSM in Tianjin， the use of recreational drugs is quite common， and Rush Popper is the most commonly used recreational drug. Therefore， it is necessary to establish and strengthen the relevant laws and regulations for the reduction of Rush Popper circulation among the MSM population.

The development and consideration of a framework for a Chinese elderly health standards system / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To develop a framework for a national system of elderly health standards in response to population aging in China and to meet the need for health service standards for elderly care, thus providing a roadmap for the development of elderly health standards.Methods:Preliminary indicators for a framework of a Chinese elderly health standards system were established by literature review and expert consultations.Using the Delphi method, we invited 23 experts to form a consultation panel.After two rounds of expert consultations, the preliminary framework was updated and the weight of each indicator was calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A framework of the Chinese elderly health standards system was established after two rounds of expert consultations.The expert authority coefficient was 0.847.The framework proposed four primary indicators, including basic health standards, medical service standards, public health standards and social support standards, for the elderly, with a weight of 0.204, 0.346, 0.260 and 0.189 for each indicator.There were 22 secondary indicators, including standardized terminologies, medical services, health education, geriatrics personnel training, etc., for elderly care.Conclusions:Our research has generated a preliminary framework of an elderly health standards system that incorporates China's specific issues, takes into consideration of the needs of various parties and covers many relevant aspects.It will provide the basis for decision-making in the elderly health standardization process in China and safeguard the implementation of the Healthy China strategy.

The correlation of obesity with gut Akkermansia and its features in the elderly population / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of aging on the correlation between the intestinal microorganism Akkermansia and obesity, and to analyze the features of the correlation in the elderly population. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study.A total of 6896 cases were collected from the Guangdong intestinal microbiome in 2018, aged 18-94 years old, including 3806 females, 1641 cases with abdominal obesity(23.7%)and 707 cases with systemic obesity(10.3%). The 16S rRNA sequencing data were from individuals of Cantonese descent.The abundance of Akkermansia was calculated after data cleaning, clustering and annotation.The type of abdominal obesity or systemic obesity was diagnosed based on the standards of the Working Group on Obesity in China(2002). According to the five quintiles of the abundance of Akkermansia, subjects were divided into Q1~Q5(Q1-Q4: n=1379, Q5: n=1380). Logistic regression was used to study the relationship between Akkermansia and obesity after adjusting for common confoundors such as gender.Subjects were subgrouped into two types of age groups: the <65 group(n=5467)and the ≥65 group(n=1519); the <70 group(n=6136)and the ≥70 group(n=850). Age windows were used to analyze changes in characteristics of this relationship with increasing age. Results:There were significant differences in age and gender among different Akkermansia groups( t/ χ2=3.51, -5.03, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for two main confounding factors, age and gender, the risk of systemic obesity and abdominal obesity gradually decreased from Q2 to Q5 group, compared with Q1 group( P<0.001). The correlation between Akkermansia and obesity decreased with age.The protective effect of Akkermansia on obesity was weaker in the ≥65 and ≥70 groups, respectively, than in the <65 and <70 groups. Conclusions:Akkermansia is a protective factor for obesity, but the protective effect is affected by aging and weakened in the elderly.

Role of hydrogen sulfide mediated autophagy related genes in intestinal function injury of sepsis / 中华危重病急救医学

Sepsis is an organ dysfunction that endangers a patient's life caused by an imbalanced infection response, and is a clinically critical illness. Despite a deep understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis, there has been no significant improvement in sepsis mortality during clinical treatment at home and abroad. In recent years, the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of sepsis has become a new research point in the field of medical research. Autophagy may protect the body by removing pathogenic microorganisms, neutralizing microbial toxins, and regulating cytokine release in sepsis. Studies have shown that autophagy plays a role in heart and lung organ dysfunction and inflammatory immune response in sepsis. Studies have also shown that hydrogen sulphide (H 2S) can activate autophagy through multiple signaling pathways, such as adenylate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR), phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt/mTOR (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), liver kinase B1/STE20 related adapter protein/mouse protein 25 (LKB1/STRAD/MO25) and microRNA-30c (miR-30c), etc. signaling pathways. This article reviewed the effects of H 2S on autophagy-related genes Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light 3 chain (LC3) on intestinal function of sepsis in order to explore the H 2S-mediated autophagy gene expression in pus. The protective role of autophagy gene for intestinal dysfunction provides a new strategy for the treatment of sepsis in the future.

The preoperative scoring system for high-risk gastric stromal tumors / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore a scoring system of preoperative evaluation for high-risk gastric stromal tumors.Methods:A total of 275 consecutive patients with gastric stromal tumors of diameter ≤5 cm who underwent surgical or endoscopic resection at Xijing Hospital between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate independent risk factors for high-risk gastric stromal tumors.Weighted points was proportionally assigned based on β regression coefficient value to establish the scoring system. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, the scoring system as the test variable, and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated.Results:Multivariate analysis revealed tumor size>1.75 cm ( OR=6.474, 95% CI: 2.335-17.948), irregular tumor shape ( OR=3.548, 95% CI: 1.745-7.216) and mucosal ulceration ( OR=2.412, 95% CI: 1.154-5.041) were independent risk factors for high-risk gastric stromal tumors of diameter ≤5 cm ( P<0.05). These risk factors for high-risk gastric stromal tumors were weighted with value: one point for mucosal ulceration, two points for irregular tumor shape and three points for tumor size>1.75 cm. The AUC value of the scoring system was 0.781, of which the cut-off value was 4. According to the cut-off value, 0-3 points was categorized as the low risk group and 4-6 points as the high risk group for gastric stromal tumors. The incidence of high-risk gastric stromal tumors of the low risk group and the high risk group were 13.3% (26/196) and 48.1% (38/79), respectively, with significant difference ( χ2=38.266, P<0.001). Conclusion:Tumor size larger than 1.75 cm, irregular tumor shape and mucosal ulceration can be applied to establish a preoperative scoring system to predict high-risk gastric stromal tumors of diameter ≤5 cm.

Advances in the application of Mendelian randomization in investigating the etiologies of common diseases in the elderly / 中华老年医学杂志

Mendelian randomization is a genetic epidemiological method for confounding adjustment of cross-sectional data by introducing genotypes as instrumental variables of exposure factors and possesses unique advantages for the adjustment of unmeasured and unknown confounding factors.In recent years, Mendelian randomization has been widely used and achieved rapid progress in the etiology research of common diseases in the elderly.This article reviews this method and its application in these diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease and malignant tumor.

Systematic review on efficacy and safety of Lanqin Oral Liquid in treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease / 中国中药杂志

Lanqin Oral Liquid is a Chinese patent medicine which contains Isatidis Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Phellodendri Chinensis Cordex and Sterculiae Lychophorae Semen. It is known for the pharmaceutical effect on the upper respiratory tract infection as it is beneficial for relieving the swelling of pharyngeal. In terms of Chinese medicine, it offers a clearing action on heat and toxic materials. According to the principle of Chinese medicine, different diseases can be treated by the same therapy as long as they have the same syndrome. Based on this unique diagnosis and treatment approach, Lanqin Oral Liquid was applicable to diseases with syndrome of excessive heat in lung and stomach. It was therefore commonly be used in the therapeutic approach towards hand, foot and mouth disease as well. However, no systematic evaluation had yet been done to verify this Chinese patent medicine on the efficacy and clinical safety for the disease. In order to achieve the manner of evidence-based medicine, this study had adopted a systematic review and Meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lanqin Oral Liquid in the treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease. All related randomized controlled trials(RCT) were searched in the following data bases: CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed, Cochrane Library and PubMed. Based on the method provided by the Cochrane collaboration, the study assessed the quality of papers selected and RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform Meta-analysis. Totally 24 studies were included with 3 491 sample size, which 1 826 cases were treatment group and 1 665 cases were control group. From the results of Meta-analysis, the total effective rate of combination of Lanqin Oral Liquid and Western medicines shown better than Western medicine alone in the treatment for hand, foot and mouth di-sease, but mild adverse event were also found(RR=1.20,95%CI[1.16,1.23],P<0.000 01). Incidence of adverse reaction between experimental and control group was statistically insignificant(RR=1.16, 95%CI[0.79, 1.70], P=0.45). No conclusion was able to made in terms of the remission time of clinical symptoms, as the studies included were not qualified for Meta-analysis. As a matter of fact, the number of existing studies related to the Lanqin Oral Liquid were limited with poor quality as well. In other words, high quality studies were essential to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lanqin Oral Liquid.

Natural History and Therapeutic Prognosis of Small Gastric Stromal Tumors / 胃肠病学

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are commonly seen mesenchymal neoplasms originated from muscularis propria. Small GISTs are the GISTs with tumor size less than 2 cm. With the development of diagnostic technique, more and more small GISTs are found by endoscopy, and the treatment has gradually received much attention. This article reviewed the current status of research, natural history and therapeutic prognoses of small gastric GISTs.

Research progress in chemical constituents in plants of Polygonatum and their pharmacological effects / 中国中药杂志

Polygonatum plants are perennial plants of Liliaceae. There are about 60 species reported at home and abroad,32 species in China,mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. Their main chemical components are steroidal saponins,polysaccharides,flavonoids,alkaloids,etc. They have anti-aging,anti-tumor,immunomodulation,antibacterial,antiviral,hypoglycemic and blood lipid effects. With the development of health industry,Polygonati Rhizome used as medicine and food has attracted great attention in recent years,and has become a research hotspot. However,the material basis of its efficacy is unclear and the product quality is uneven,which seriously limited the rapid upgrading of the industry. This review summarizes Polygonatum plants system classification,the chemical composition and pharmacological activity to provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Polygonatum plants.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, C-reactive protein, complement component C1q and homocysteine levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate serum levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),complement component C1q (C1q) and homocysteine(HCY) in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD),in order to provide a basis for establishing laboratory markers in AD patients.Methods One hundred AD patients and one hundred healthy controls from Beijing Hospital were selected.Serum levels of Lp-PLA2,C1q,hs-CRP and HCY were determined using a biochemistry analyzer.Serum levels of amyloid β-protein 40(Aβ40)and Aβ42 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Results Serum levels of Aβ40,Aβ42,Lp-PLA2,hs-CRP,C1 q and HCY were higher in AD patients than in the control group[(66.0±14.0) pmol/L vs.(7.1±8.2) pmol/L,(7.2±1.4) pmol/L vs.(1.9±1.7) pmol/L,(510.6±140.1)U/L vs.(419.0±91.8) U/L,(2.8±3.4) mg/L vs.(1.2±0.7) mg/L,(218.0±58.4) mg/L vs.(194.8 ± 27.7) mg/L and (18.8 ± 9.3) μmol/L vs.(14.9 ± 5.2) μmol/L,all P ＜ 0.01],and the differences were greater in female subjects than in male subjectss.Conclusions High serum levels of Lp-PLA2,C1q,hs-CRP and HCY may be associated with Alzheimer's disease,while the exact relationships need to be further investigated.